Wednesday, August 11, 2010

Environmental Education

Introduction of Environment:First of all to know about environmental education we have to know the  meaning of environment. Actually environment is defined as the sum of total living and non-living things present in our surroundings and living with each other in a harmonius manner. We are interacting with respect to enviroment. The earth is a living place of human beings.  Not only for the human beings it is also living place of domestic and wild animals, plants, micro-organisms and other many living beings. No creature can live alone without environment. All living beings depends upon each other for survival or to complete their will. But every living organism depends on nature and natural things. They have directly or indirectly relationship with enviroment.
  The Environment is the most important ascept of our human life. They need food, cloth, house or shelter for their survival. They get these things from Vegetation. They get meat, skin and manure from animals. Hence their is deep relationship between human beings and animals.                                                           


Introduction of Environmental Education:-   Generally Environmental Education can be defined as the  process of recognizing values, clarifying concepts and making  people use the resources found in the environment property. Environmental education (EE) refers to organized efforts to teach about how natural environments function and, particularly, how human beings can manage their behavior and ecosystems in order to live sustainably. The term is often used to imply education within the school system, from primary to post-secondary. However, it is sometimes used more broadly to include all efforts to educate the public and other audiences, including print materials, websites, media campaigns, etc. Related disciplines include outdoor education and experiential education.

Environmental education is a learning process that increases people's knowledge and awareness about the environment and associated challenges, develops the necessary skills and expertise to address the challenges, and fosters attitudes, motivations, and commitments to make informed decisions and take responsible action .
The final aspect of environmental education policies, but certainly not least important, is training individuals to thrive in a sustainable society. In addition to building a strong relationship with nature, American citizens must have the skills and knowledge to succeed in a 21st century workforce. Thus, environmental education policies fund both teacher training and worker training initiatives. Teachers must be trained to effectively teach and incorporate environmental studies in their curricula. On the other hand, the current workforce must be trained or re-trained so that they can adapt to the new green economy. Environmental education policies that fund training programs are critical in educating citizens to prosper in a sustainable society.


Important of Environmental Education:-   It is getting very important thing to give Enviromental education to all people. It is an undeniable fact that human beings are having  a significant impact on the natural environment. As the global  population continues to rise, humans place more andmore pressure on a finite number of resources. Human environmental impacts can largelybe attributed to consumption patterns. The best way to promote awareness forbe attributed to consumption patterns. The best way to promote awareness for environmental issues and promote environmentally responsible behaviors is through
increased access to environmental education. A large number of environmental nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) exist in the United States and around the globe.

Many of these groups try to garner support for their respective causes by educating the public about environmental issues to promote awareness and concern. Although there have already been benefits seen from these kinds of education campaigns, there are still many obstacles to be overcome including funding shortages and continued public support.

The Enviromental Education teaches us to bring favourable changes in our knowllege, altitude and behaviour towards environment. Enviromental education awareness people towards thye enviroment. Enviromental Education teaches people to make proper use of natural resources found in our environment . it helps to create environment clean, pure, healthy and green. Besides, it helps to make to help the life of people happy. So, Environmental Education is very essential for everyone.                         

Tuesday, August 10, 2010

Adult Education

Simply Adult education is defined as the education which is specially provided for adult people. Adult education in the widest sense is any form of learning adults engage in beyond traditional schooling. In the narrowest sense, adult education is about literacy, about adults learning to read the most basic materials. So adult education encompasses everything from basic literacy to personal fulfillment as a lifelong learner, even the attainment of advanced degrees. Adult education is a field of education that deals with the teaching of adults. This education is verry sufficient, easier and important for adult people. Actually this education helps to bring development in the field of education. It diverts the light of shine amoung large people.
Adult education takes place in the workplace, through 'extension' or 'continuing education' courses at secondary schools, or at colleges or universities. Other learning places include folk high schools, community colleges, and lifelong learning centers. The practice is also often referred to as 'Training and Development'and is often associate with workforce or professional development. It has also been referred to as andragogy. Adult education is different from vocational education, which is mostly workplace-based for skill improvement; and also from non-formal adult education, including learning skills or learning for personal development. Educating adults differs from educating children in several ways. One of the most important differences is that adults have accumulated knowledge, work experience or military service that can add to the learning experience. Another difference is that most adult education is voluntary, therefore, the participants are generally better motivated. Adults frequently apply their knowledge in a practical fashion to learn effectively. They must have a reasonable expectation that the knowledge recently gained will help them further their goals.

Generally, adult education is not considered to be typical university classes for those who have come out of high school. Though, by that time, these students are technically adults, this is considered a traditional college education. However, while simply going to college after high school graduation may not qualify, many colleges may have adult education classes or perhaps even an entire adult education school. This is especially true of community colleges.There are many reasons why one may choose adult education classes. First, an individual may want to get a high school diploma, or close equivalent. Second, some people may be involved in professions which require a certain amount of continuing education every so often. Third, some may be working toward a college degree in a non-traditional setting. Fourth, some may choose to take such classes for personal enrichment. All of these would qualify as forms of adult education.

Some of the more popular types of adult education classes are GED preparation, driving classes, foreign language, and professional development. In some cases, such as GED preparation or driving school, these classes may be required for any number of reasons. Those receiving citations for moving violations,

In real case adult education is one of the most important for homan  or mostly to the adult people. Learning is a continuous process, and if adult persons have the continued relationship with knowledge is also important. Some adult much time to take rest but if they are engaged in learning they can also have fun and friends. Some people, in their early age, did not have the chance to get education for different reasons.When they are old if then, they get education and they can discover themselves in a new way.
If they are busy something creative jobs, they will never feel boring rather they will feel healthier and happier.

All this things helps to creat by the learning of adult education.

Hence, in conclusion , Adult education should be noted that adult education does not only apply to more traditional instructional settings, the concept is far more extensive. It should start to follow new culture and technology which are developing day by day. New concept of learning should be used in it.

Woman Education

We know that education is the light that diverts the knowllege about this universe. Education is only that thing which complete dream of each people. If someone want to be Doctor, Professer, Pilot, Engeeneir etc, To be of this kind we have to learn. without learning we can't get education, withot studying we neither get our aim nor success in our life.

Women Education:-   Woman education defined as the education which is provided for the illitrate woman . Specially this education is given to all woman who are non-educated and unable to go in school because of their familiar work in their society. Generally society of remote area does not allow to go in school for learning. This is because they accept traditional culture and according to the old traditional culture woman does not allow to study and they should not go to university . Because this is opposite of their culture. Actually in real case of our dailly life this should not take place. This type of traditional culture should not accept by educated person. We all should strictly prohibit to this culture. Because woman is also one wheel of the card. without woman country does not go to succesness. We know that every success of mail has been possible due to woman. Woman are the back-bone of our country. Simply woman education includes areas of gender equality and access to education, and its connection to the alleviation of poverty. Also involved are the issues of single-sex education and religious education, in that the division of education along gender lines, and religious teachings on education, have been traditionally dominant, and are still highly relevant in contemporary discussion of female education as a global consideration.

There cannot be an educated people without educated women. If general education had to be limited to men or to women, that opportunity should be given to women, for then it would most surely be passed on to the next generation. The Education of Women as Women-General education for interesting and intelligent living and for citizenship in large part can be the same for men and women. We have heard frequent suggestions that women's education should run to pretty "accomplishments," such as drawing, painting or the like-skills which will enable well-to-do women to pass the' time harmlessly while their husbands do the really important work. This point of view should be obsolete. Women should share with men the life and thought and interests of the times. They are fitted to carry the same academic work as men, with no less thoroughness and quality. The distribution of general ability among women is approximately the same as among men.
So, men and women are equally competent in academic work, and though many subjects are equally interesting and appropriate

Sunday, August 8, 2010

History of education in Nepal

History of Education has established itself as a leading, international, peer-reviewed journal, focusing on the history of education in all parts of the world. The history of education is the history of teaching and learning. Each generation, since the beginning of human evolution and writing, has sought to pass on cultural and social values, traditions, morality, religion and skills to the next generation. The passing on of culture is also known as enculturation and the learning of social values and behaviours is socialization. The history of the curricula of such education reflects human history itself, the history of knowledge, beliefs, skills and cultures of humanity. History of educations
are same in most of the cases. In case of world history first of all it was verry difficult to take education because in most of the country it was believed that education takes people towards lightness, and this was not good for cruel royal family. Because in most of the part of the world there was cruel royal system. In pre-literate societies, education was achieved orally and through observation and imitation. The young learned informally from their parents, extended family and grand parents. At later stages of their lives, they received instruction of a more structured and formal nature, imparted by people not necessarily related, in the context of initiation, religion or ritual.
All people start ti think that why education is important for them. With the development of writing, it became possible for stories, poetry, knowledge, beliefs, and customs to be recorded and passed on more accurately to people out of earshot and to future generations. In many societies, the spread of literacy was slow; orality and illiteracy remained predominant for much of the population for centuries and even millennia. Literacy in preindustrial societies was associated with civil administration, law, long distance trade or commerce, and religion. A formal schooling in literacy was often only available to a small part of the population, either at religious institutions or for the wealthy who could afford to pay for their tutors. The earliest known universities, or places of higher education, started teaching a millennium or more ago. in this way people start to read and begien to gain knowlledge about education.

History of Education in Nepal:-At first, the history of Nepal began with the establisment of first school in 1853. Although, this was first school, Nepali people could not get
admitted to it. This is because the school was established for the purpose of giving education only to Rana family. This education was only
for rulling Rana families their coutries, their relatives and for rich people. Schooling for the general people began only after 1951 when
a popular movement ended the autocratic Rana family regime and initiated a democratic system. In the past fifty years, there has been a
dramatic expansion of educational facilities in the country. The Ministry of Education is the apex body responsible for initiating and
managing educational activities in the country. The Minister of Education, assisted by the State/Assistant Minister, provides political
leadership to the Ministry. The Ministry, as a part of the government bureaucracy, is headed by the Secretary of Education and consists of
the central office, various functional offices and offices located at the regional and district levels. The Central Office or the Ministry is mainly
responsible for policy development, planning and monitoring and evaluation regarding different aspects of education. this suggest to all the
Nepali people. Then With a purpose of bringing education administration nearer to the people, the Ministry has established five Regional
Directorates and 75 District Education Offices in five development regions and 75 districts respectively. These decentralized offices are
responsible for overseeing nonformal and school level educational activities in their respective areas. Regional Directorates are mainly
responsible for coordinating and monitoring and evaluation of education activities and the District Education Offices are the main
implementing agencies. NCED[citation needed is an Apex body for teacher training in Nepal. There are 34 Educational Training Centers under
NCED to support the teachers in pedagogical areas. In this way education sector went on improvement.


Present education of Nepal:- Now, education of today is with the stage of development. In present the education system and technology is very different than the old
system. Education in Nepal is structured as school education and higher education. School education includes primary level of grades 1-5, lower secondary and secondary levels of grades 6-8 and 9-10 respectively. Pre-primary level of education is also available in certain areas. Six years of age is the prescribed age for admission into grade one. A national level School Leaving Certificate (SLC) Examination is conducted at the end of grade ten. Grades 11 and 12 are considered as higher secondary level. Higher Secondary Education Board (HSEB) supervises higher secondary schools which are mostly under private management. Previously these grades were under the university system and were run as proficiency certificate level. Though some universities still offer these programs, the policy now is to integrate these grades into the school system.
Higher education consists of bachelor, masters and PhD levels. Depending upon the stream and subject, bachelors level may be of three to five years' duration. The duration of masters level is generally of two years. Some universities also offer programs like M Phil and post-graduate diploma.
Here, in this way present education is running in the field of development.

Saturday, August 7, 2010

Types of education

There are many types of education in our society. But mainly there is only two types of education system. They are:
1> Formal education:- A formal education  is the process of training and developing people in knowledge, skills, mind, and  character in a structured and certified programme. The formal education means the educationwhich is obtained through an accredited source such as high school or unversity/college, as opposed to on the job training or street smarts provided by the "school of hard knocks," as in life's experiences. Formal education is central to the development of a nation. It is only through the implementation of a formal system of learning that any country can hope to develop a knowledgeable society and progress towards the achievement of societal goals. The most common form of education in the Western world, formal education is the process of going from elementary school, high school, bachelor degree program  and possibly a graduate degree. While going through this process, the students make connections, join extra-curricular activities and prepare themselves for the workforce. After going through high school, students can choose to go to college (usually for more hands-on education) or a formal university (usually more theory and academic work), depending on the career path that they have chosen.


Formal education is perfect for students that want a professional career, whether wanting to become a lawyer, accountant, doctor, psychologist, project manager or something similar. In order to become one of these professionals, very often a bachelors degree is not enough, a graduate or doctorate degree is needed. At the top of the mountain of formal education is university professors, who almost always require a PhD and teaching experience.
2> Non-formal education:- Non-formal education is defined as the educational activity which is not structured and takes place outside the formal system. Nonformal education is instruction that is not obligatory and structured and is learned outside the context of a formal school. Nonformal (NFE) is defined  as any intentional and systematic educational enterprise (usually outside of traditional schooling) in which content is adapted to the unique needs of the students (or unique situations) in order to maximize learning and minimize other elements which often occupy formal school teachers (i.e. taking roll, enforcing discipline, writing reports, Nonformal education is more learner centered than most formal education.
 NFE focuses on practical skills and knowledge while schools often focus on information which may have
delayed application. Extension education is nonformal education with only a few exceptions. Although extension agents may take advantage of learning opportunities which arise .serendipitously, to call extension work “informal education” is inaccurate. Non-formal education covers two rather different realities: on the one hand education activities taking part outside the formal education system. non-formal education corresponds to a collection of teaching tools and learning schemes that are seen as creative and innovative alternatives to traditional and classical teaching systems. Via personal interaction and flexibility in problem solving, people can discuss matters of relevance to their lives as citizens in society and integrate their knowledge. Different sorts of people take part in this process but the majority is to be found in non-governmental organisations involved in youth and community work.. To be educated and to overcome from many types of problem Government brought this education in our society and developed it. Some example of non-formal education are:- child education, Adult education, Women education etc.

Introduction of education

Simply Education is defined as the process of receiving or giving systematic instruction mostly at school, college or university. Education is only the delivery of knowledge, skills and information from teachers to students, is inadequate to capture what is really important about being and becoming educated. It helps people to be educated.
Education creats skillful manpower that will utilize the resources of a country rationally and enhance and promote national development.
Education is the process of imparting or acquiring general knowledge, developing the powers of reasoning and judgment, and generally of preparing oneself or others intellectually for mature life. It could be a certain degree, level or kind of schooling. It is a training imply a discipline and development by means of the special and general abilities of the mind or a training by which people learn to develop and use their mental,moral, and physical power or skill. It is a gaining experience, either improving or regressing. Education means to learn in every means in order to reach into a certain goals.
Education is usually understood as a course of study to acquire a body of knowledge or skills undertaken to enhance one's ability to do a particular job and be able to earn more money. The more liberal definitions of education, where it is understood as development and refinement of one's personality, without necessarily an eye to economic advantage, have been out of use for long, and one finds only scattered instances of the practice of education with such aims. Even so, what has been envisaged for Auroville is far beyond and above the goals set by liberal education. Education encompasses teaching and learning specific skills, and also something less tangible but more profound: the imparting of knowledge, positive judgment and well-developed wisdom. Education has as one of its fundamental aspects the imparting of culture from generation to generation (see socialization). Education means 'to draw out', facilitating realisation of self-potential and latent talents of an individual. It is an application of pedagogy, a body of theoretical and applied research relating to teaching and learning and draws on many disciplines such as psychology, philosophy, computer science, linguistics, neuroscience, sociology —often more profound than they realize—though family teaching may function very informally.

Education is a fundamental human right. Every child is entitled to it,not only child every age of people take their education in different form. It is critical to our development as individuals and as societies, and it helps pave the way to a successful and productive future. When we ensure that children have access to a rights-based, quality education that is rooted in gender equality, we create a ripple effect of opportunity that impacts generations to come.There are many different capacities of education in which an individual living in the twenty-first century can be literate. Helping to strengthen skills in other areas, can still help to make progress on sustaining the development of a nation, as well as achieve gender equality. The gender gap in education points to the fact that females are still not afforded the same opportunities as males. In many parts of the world cultures see no value in educating females. Two of the eight Millennium Development Goals, achieving universal primary education and promoting gender equality, seek to close the gaps that exist in the education around the world. If we can make some advancement on achieving these goals, we can further the progress on the remaining six. Education is the foundation for the success of any given society. Numerous studies have shown the correlation between education and lower birth rates, lower infant mortality rates and fewer maternal deaths. Furthermore, a more educated population will also result in higher personal incomes as we all expand access to financial opportunities.